Caused by excess sebum, clogged pores, bacterial overgrowth (mainly *C. acnes*), hormonal imbalance, stress,
diet (dairy/sugar), and improper skincare

• Gentle cleansing (twice a day).
• Use non-comedogenic
• Spot-treat actives like salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide.
• Maintain barrier with lightweight moisturizers.

"Only teenagers get acne" – False, adult acne is common, especially in women.
"Washing face more will stop acne" – Over-washing irritates and worsens it

Salicylic acid, niacinamide, zinc, azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, green tea extract.

Genetics, hormonal shifts, excessive sebum, and buildup can enlarge pores or cause shiny skin.

Gentle exfoliation to unclog pores.
Use oil-regulating actives.
Mattifying products (not stripping).

"Pores open and close" – Not true. They can only appear smaller if clean and tight.
"Oily skin doesn’t need moisturizers" – Skipping it worsens oiliness.

Niacinamide, salicylic acid, clay (kaolin, bentonite), green tea, witch hazel (alcohol-free)

Natural aging, sun damage (UV), repetitive expressions, dehydration, and oxidative stress.

* Daily use of SPF.
* Include retinoids and peptides in routine.
* Hydration is key to reduce visibility.

"Only older people need anti-aging" – Prevention should start in the mid-20s.
"Expensive products work better" – Ingredients matter more than price.

Retinol, peptides, vitamin C, bakuchiol, ceramides, ferulic acid

Loss of moisture from the skin barrier due to low humidity, harsh products, over-washing, age, or lack of internal
hydration.

• Use hydrating cleansers, avoid hot water.
• Apply humectants + emollients + occlusives (the moisture sandwich).
• Use barrier repair creams and layer with SPF

"Oily skin doesn't get dry" – Oily and dehydrated skin can coexist.
"Drinking water is enough" – Topical hydration is equally necessary.

Hyaluronic acid, glycerin, ceramides, squalane, panthenol, colloidal oats.

Post-acne marks, sun damage, hormonal issues (melasma), inflammation, or injury

Daily SPF, antioxidants, and pigment blockers.
Avoid picking pimples or wounds.

"Lemon juice fades spots" – It's harsh and photosensitizing.
"Spots fade with fairness creams" – Most fairness creams bleach, not treat.

Alpha arbutin, tranexamic acid, niacinamide, licorice, azelaic acid, vitamin C.

Damaged skin barrier, allergies, rosacea, harsh actives, or environmental triggers.

* Focus on barrier repair and calming agents.
* Avoid fragrance, alcohol, and harsh exfoliants.
* Minimal routine with pH-balanced products

"Natural = safe" – Natural ingredients can also be irritating.
"Sensitive skin can't use actives" – They can, if formulated gently.

Centella asiatica, panthenol, aloe vera, ceramides, colloidal oatmeal, allantoin.

Dead skin buildup, pollution, stress, lack of exfoliation, poor lifestyle, sun exposure.

* Gentle exfoliation 1–2 times a week.
* Use antioxidants and brightening agents.
* Adequate sleep, SPF, and water intake.

"Scrubbing gives glow" – Over-scrubbing damages skin.
"Fairness = glow" – Glow is about texture, hydration, and tone.

Vitamin C, niacinamide, alpha arbutin, glycolic acid, kojic acid, licorice root.